光譜儀是將成分復雜的光分解為光譜線的科學儀器。光譜儀主要包括四個部分：光源、入射狹縫、色散元件（圖中為棱鏡）、探測器，如圖中1-4序號所示。同時，與相應配套的光學系統(tǒng)，如光源系統(tǒng)、準直系統(tǒng)、成像系統(tǒng)，如圖中透鏡標識所示，在此不進行詳細闡述。
A spectrograph is a scientific instrument that decomposes the complex light into a spectral line. The spectrometer mainly consists of four parts: the light source, the incident slit, the dispersion element (the prism in the picture), the detector, as shown in the 1-4 sequence of the graph. At the same time, the corresponding optical system, such as light source system, collimating system, imaging system, as shown in the lens identification, is not described here.
圖1 - 棱鏡色散模型
Figure 1 - prism dispersion model

在光譜儀中，波長范圍、光譜分辨率與視場角為光譜儀的三個主要光學性能指標。
In the spectrometer, the wavelength range, spectral resolution and field angle are three main optical properties of the spectrometer.

這類光譜儀也有著非常廣泛的應用，主要有：
This kind of spectrometer also has a very wide range of applications, mainly:

●衛(wèi)星載荷系統(tǒng)：氣象監(jiān)測、地物分析、環(huán)境監(jiān)測
Satellite load system: meteorological monitoring, ground analysis and environmental monitoring

●食品安全： 食品生產(chǎn)過程檢測
Food safety: food production process testing

●工業(yè)監(jiān)測：在線檢測
Industrial monitoring: on-line detection

●考古：年代鑒別、真?zhèn)舞b別
Archaeology: identification of age, authenticity and authenticity

●生物醫(yī)學：病變分析等
Biomedicine: disease analysis, etc.

目前，當人們說成像光譜儀或者超光譜相機的時候，一般指的則是這一類型的成像光譜儀。但是，由于我們即將對該類型光譜儀進行升級，為了便于區(qū)分，本文中我們準確稱該類型的光譜儀為“掃描型成像光譜儀”。
At present, when people say an imaging spectrometer or a hyperspectral camera, it is generally referred to as this type of imaging spectrometer. However, because we are going to upgrade this spectrometer, in order to distinguish it, we call it the scanning imaging spectrometer accurately.

?優(yōu)點：同時獲得目標物的圖像信息與光譜信息；與上一代光譜儀相比，探測范圍從目標物上的一個點擴展到一條窄帶；
Advantages:: the image information and spectral information at the same time to obtain the target; compared with the previous generation spectrometer, the detection range extends from a point object to a narrow band;

?缺點：掃描成像光譜儀僅能對一個狹縫內(nèi)的視場進行成像（包括光譜信息和視覺圖像），如果希望對一個完整的二維目標進行高光譜分析，那么光譜儀需要對目標物體逐行掃描數(shù)次（掃描次數(shù)=整個視場角/每個狹縫的縫視場角）。
Disadvantages: scanning imaging spectrometer: the only imaging of a slit in the field (including spectral information and visual image), if you want high spectral analysis for a two-dimensional object, then the object needs to scan spectrometer (several scanning times = the entire FOV / the slit angle).

1.3.快照成像光譜儀(S3)
1.3. snapshot imaging spectrometer (S3)

由于“掃描成像光譜儀”在探測范圍和實效性上的局限，天文學家進一步提出了積分視場成像光譜儀，商業(yè)上也稱“快照成像光譜儀”。與掃描成像光譜儀相比，探測范圍從目標物上的一條線擴展到了一個面，該類光譜儀可實現(xiàn)二維視場全部圖像信息和光譜信息的瞬態(tài)采集。
Due to the limitation of the scanning imaging spectrometer in the detection range and effectiveness, astronomers further put forward the integrated field of view imaging spectrometer, also known as the "snapshot imaging spectrometer" in business. Compared with the scanning imaging spectrometer, the detection range is extended from one line to one surface. The spectrometer can realize the instantaneous acquisition of all the image information and spectral information of two-dimensional field of view.

快照成像光譜儀應用領(lǐng)域：
Application field of snapshot spectrometer: